R-(+)-Limoneno e seu derivado (–)-Carveol Uma revisão de seus efeitos sobre o diabetes
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O diabetes é uma desordem metabólica de etiologia múltipla, que se caracteriza principalmente pela elevação persistente do nível de glicose no sangue. Estimativas da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) indicam que aproximadamente 422 milhões de pessoas têm diabetes e 1,6 milhão de mortes são atribuídas diretamente à doença a cada ano. Diante de números tão relevantes buscam-se terapias naturais que sejam efetivas, eficazes e de baixo custo para a referida patologia. Vários produtos naturais já estão sendo utilizados como coadjuvantes no tratamento do diabetes por possuírem ação hipoglicemiante, como os monoterpenos. Contudo, há forte intenção de ampliar o portifólio de produtos naturais com compostos hipoglicemiantes. Assim, o objetivo desse estudo foi elencar informações da literatura sobre o diabetes e a aplicabilidade de produtos naturais, ressaltando a ação antidiabética dos monoterpenos R-(+)-Limoneno e (-)-Carveol. Foi realizada uma revisão narrativa. Os artigos selecionados foram direcionados aos parâmetros fisiopatológicos do diabetes e suas complicações, aspectos sobre uso de produtos naturais, monoterpenos e seus efeitos terapêuticos como agentes antidiabéticos. A pesquisa foi realizada nas seguintes bases de dados: PubMed, Scielo, Portal Periódicos Capes, Scopus, Web of Science e Science Direct. Os estudos mostram que o diabetes é uma doença complexa que ocasiona uma série de complicações, podendo ser tratada com hipoglicemiantes orais, insulina, dieta e atividade física. Pesquisas relacionadas ao R-(+)-Limoneno e ao (-)-Carveol, em ratos, mostraram resultados positivos com ação antidiabética, atuando na redução dos níveis plasmáticos de glicose, triglicerídeos e colesterol e da expressão de marcadores inflamatórios, bem como no aumento do efeito das enzimas antioxidantes. Todavia, estudos envolvendo estes monoterpenos, ainda são incipientes, tornando oportuna esta pesquisa. Assim, o R-(+)-Limoneno e o (-)-Carveol são candidatos promissores a mais pesquisas que elucidem os seus efeitos terapêuticos isolados ou combinados a outros monoterpenos antidiabéticos.
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Referências
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